SCI 100 Exam 3A. Name _____________________________________

Lab/Discussion Section_______

3 pts each. Multiple choice may have more than one correct answer.
  1. The electricity supplied by WAPA of the Virgin Islands is created by

    2. a) ocean thermal energy b) burning of fossil fuels

    c) hydroelectric conversion d) photovoltaic conversion

  2. What is the specific name of the technology that converts the sun’s energy directly into electricity?

    3. photovoltaics
  3. The device that produces electricity derived from wind energy

    4. a) produces CO2 b) includes a generator c) is a geothermal device

    d) ultimately relies on the sun's energy e) none of the above

  4. Coral reefs

    5. a) need water below 20oC b) are found in very deep water

    c) require clear water d) are composed mostly of calcium carbonate
  5. Which of the following is (are) associated with coral reefs?

    6. a) prop roots b) zooxanthellae c) polyps

    d) basalt production e) all of the above

  6. Coral animals are polyps which

    7. a) have radial symmetry b) live deep within the coral reef

    c) do not use photosynthesis d) cannot withstand direct sunlight

  7. The one most important source of life-sustaining energy for corals is

    8. a) salt intrusion b) zooxanthellae c) nitrogen compounds

    d) nutrients from the sea floor e) none of the above

  8. Asexual reproduction is reproduction that

    9. a) requires a male and female b) is accomplished by cell division

    c) requires a gamete d) produces identical offspring

  9. Reproduction in corals occurs

    10. a) through mass spawning b) due to fish carrying pollen

    c) only once or twice per year d) via mutualism

  10. The stinging cells found in coral tentacles are called

    11. a) spores b) nematocysts c) polyps d) medusae

  12. An atoll is one type of reef. Name the other 2 main types of reef. (2 pts each)

    13. 1. fringe

    2. basin

  13. Important contribution(s) of coral reefs to our ecosystem is (are)

a) protection of shorelines b) salinity modification of the sea

c) fisheries d) pharmaceuticals e) uptake of heavy metals

13. The loss of coral reefs in the Caribbean in the last 40 years is about

a) 10% b) 30% c) 80% d) none of these
  1. Anthropogenic losses of coral reefs refer to

    2. a) hurricane damage b) tsunami damage c) construction/development

    d) predator fish e) all of the above

  2. Which of the following are considered to be natural causes of reef destruction?

    3. a) bleaching b) pathogens c) construction runoff

    d) over fishing e) all of the above

  3. Name 2 of the 4 varieties of mangroves found in the Caribbean.

    4. 1. any 2 of red, black, white, and buttonwood

    2.

  4. Which of the following is (are) associated with mangroves?

    5. a) prop roots b) zooxanthellae c) polyps d) calcium carbonate

    e) pneumatophores f) all of the above.

  5. What makes it possible for the mangrove found right on the shoreline to withstand very energetic wave action?

    6. a) sexual reproduction b) salt extrusion c) prop roots d) single-column trunks

  6. The high level of salt tolerance found in the red mangrove is necessary because this mangrove ...

    7. a) has its roots in the open ocean b) is found along the shoreline

    c) is totally intolerant to salt d) reproduces using salt

  7. Pneumatophores are an adaptation to mangrove habitats because they

a) occur in all species of mangroves b) enable seeds to disperse farther

c) enable trees to get oxygen despite soils low in oxygen d) all of the above

21. The yellow-brown tint of seawater below mangroves is caused by what substance?

tannin(s)

  1. In the last 25 years, the Caribbean has lost about ___ of its mangroves.

a) 5% b) 20% c) 60% d) 90%

 

23. Corals and zooxanthellae have a _____ relationship.

a) mutualistic b) parasitic c) commensalistic d) nihilistic

  1. Which of the following organisms is native to many Caribbean islands?

    2. a) bats b) deer c) mongoose d) donkeys

  2. As used by biologists, the term that is synonymous in meaning to "native" is ...

    3. a) indigenous b) endemic c) exotic d) endangered e) extinct

  3. Red mangrove seeds float. This suggests that red mangroves can be dispersed by...

    4. a) bats b) birds c) water d) fire e) wind

  4. Primary succession is a process most likely to occur after

    5. a) a fire b) a hurricane c) a devastating volcanic eruption

    d) a pathogen outbreak e) all of the above

  5. Secondary succession is generally faster than primary succession.

    6. a) True b) False

  6. Fruit (produced by plants) serves the purpose of

    7. a) fertilization b) seed dispersal via animals c) photosynthesis

    d) nutrient enhancement in soils e) all of the above

  7. Which one island is more likely to have a larger variety of species?

    8. a) St. Croix b) Vieques c) Cuba d) Antigua

  8. St. Thomas has a larger than expected variety of anole lizards because

    9. a) of higher elevations b) it was once connected by land to Puerto Rico

    c) of fewer predators d) of the larger variety of corals

  9. A small island located next to a continent might have a ____ variety of species compared to what would be expected if the island was isolated.

    10. a) smaller b) larger c) normal

  10. A scientist performs an experiment in which she plants only species A in garden A and equal numbers of species A and B in garden AB. The population of species A in garden A decreases with time. The population of both species A and species B increases with time in garden AB. The hypothesis that is most supported is:
  1. Species A helps the growth of species B.
  2. Species B helps the growth of species A.
  3. Species A hinders the growth of species B.
  4. Species B hinders the growth of species A.