GENERAL CHEMISTRY I-II

CHE 151-152

RETURN TO THE CHEMISTRY LAB PREP PAGE


EXPERIMENTS

 

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

HO1

HO2

HO3

 
 



 

EXP. 1: CALCULATORS AND MEASUREMENTS

 
 

20 plastic rulers, mm

10 ml pipets

rubber bulbs

calculator

Return to Contents Section
 
 

EXP. 2: MASS AND VOLUME RELATIONSHIPS

 
 

mossy zinc (metallic solid) 20 - 30 g

copper shot (metallic solid) 20 - 30 g

several available conc.s of NaCl, 1L each: 0.1M = 5.84g NaCl; 1.0% = 10g NaCl; 1.5% = 15g NaCl; 4.0% = 40g NaCl; 5.0% = 50g NaCl --- all diluted to 1L

sea water sample

10 ml pipet

50 ml graduated cylinder (or 100 ml)

50 ml or 100 ml beaker

weighing boats

top-loading balance

beaker (40 ml or 100 ml)

graph paper, students will provide

Return to Contents Section
 

 

EXP. 3: EMPIRICAL FORMULA OF MAGNESIUM OXIDE (AKA EMPIRICAL FORMULA OF A COMPOUND)

 
 

magnesium ribbon (19 - 25 cm strips)

crucibles with covers

wire triangles

distilled water in dropping bottles

balance

bunsen burner

crucible tongs

ring stand

ring clamp

Return to Contents Section
 
 

EXP. 4: PHYSICAL BEHAVIOR OF GASES

 
 
 

No Prep

Boyle's Law Apparatus (set up in hood in room S205)

Gay Lussac's Law Apparatus (set up in hood in room S205)

barometer

beaker w/ cold water

thermometer

stirring rod

graph paper, student will provide this item

Return to Contents Section
 
 

EXP. 5: ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY

 
 

No Prep

Spectroscope: He, H and Na Lamps

two sheets graph paper (students will provide this item)

calculator (students will provide this item)

Return to Contents Section
 
 

EXP. 6: SEPARATION OF IONS (AKA SEPARATION & IDENTIFICATION OF CATIONS)

 
 

500 ML @ 0.1 M of each of the following (known concentrations):

ALL SOLNS ARE QUANTITIES FOR 1 ML/EACH UNKNOWN PER STUDENT

Cu(NO3)2 (for Cu2+) (cupric nitrate)

Fe(NO3)3 (for Fe3+)

MnCl2 (for Mn2+)

Ni(NO3)2 (for Ni2+)

Co(NO3)2 (for Co2+)

 

500 ml 0.1 M NaOH

100 ml conc. NH4OH (ammonia) in dessicator

600 ml acetone solution (for solvent mixture): 570 ml acetone + 30 ml 6N HCl

500 ml 0.1 M gloximine (DMG; dimethylglyoxime); Dissolve in Acetone not distilled water.

200 ml 6 M HCl

unknown concentrations of ions (Mn2+, Fe3+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+): 1) Prepare 500 ml of a 15% solution for each unknown. 2) mix 100 ml of one unknown with 100 ml of another unknown to form an unknown for distribution to students. 3) EXAMPLE: UNKNOWN 1A = 100ml Cu2+ & 100ml Mn2+; UNKNOWN 2B = 100ml Fe3+ & 100ml Ni2+; UNKNOWN 3C = 100ml Fe3+ & 100ml Co2+; UNKNOWN 4D = 100ml Co2+ & 100ml Ni2+. 4) Check shelves for previously prepared solutions.

tests tubes

capillary tubes, 1 per known & unknown

filter paper cut into square

scissors

ruler, cm

graduated cylinder, 50 or 100 ml

beaker, 400 or 600 ml

watch glass

pencil

forceps

Return to Contents Section
 
 
 

EXP. 7: METATHESIS (AKA CHARACTERISTICS OF INORGANIC COMPOUNDS)

 
 

Reactants (3 ml/student):

1 L 0.1 M HCl

1 L 0.1 M H2SO4

Put out display of 50 different compounds in 150 mm test tubes.

Put out containers of the following compounds: (3 ml/student) CaCO3; FeCl3; NiXl2.6H2O; NaOH; Na2CO3; CuSO4.5H2O; Pb(NO3)2, BaCl2.2H2O; AgNO3, Na3PO4.12H2O; CoCl2.6H2O; NH4NO3; Na 2S

litmus paper

Return to Contents Section
 
 

EXP. 8: BONDING EXERCISES

 
 

No Prep

Return to Contents Section
 
 

EXP. 9: CHEMISTRY OF OXYGEN (AKA THE CHEMISTRY OF OXYGEN)

 
 

boric acid, 25 g (labeled B(oh)3 (aka boron hydroxide)

1 M HClO3, 100 ml (labeled ClO3(OH); may be Cl2O, Cl2O3, or Cl2O5 too)

KClO3 (potassium chlorate), 250 g WEAR SAFETY GOGGLES (10 g/student)

MnO2 (manganese dioxide), 25 g

Mg (magnisium) ribbon, 10 ml length {Do not injure you eyes by looking directly at the brilliant light during ignition]

charcoal

sulfur, powdered

sodium peroxide (WASH FINGERS AFTER TOUCHING SOLN.)

pneumatics troughs

gas bottles (four 250 ml wide mouth bottles with water)

glass squares

200 mm test tubes

delivery tubes

gas generation tube

deflagrating spoons 

litmus paper

hot plate

bunsen burner

5 ml or 10 ml pipet

15 cm test tubes 

crucible tongs

Return to Contents Section
 
 
 

EXP. 10: VOLUMETRIC ANALYSIS (AKA TITRATION)

 
 

5 L 0.1 M HCl (one batch) standardized; 30 ml/student

10 L 0.1 M NaOH (one batch)

acetic acid, 5 ml/student

burets

2 L commercial vinegar

phenolphthalein in droppers

5 ml pipets

20 ml pipets

erlenmeyer flask

Return to Contents Section
 
 
 

EXP. 11: THE SALINITY OF SEA WATER (AKA DETERMINATION OF SALINITY OF SEE WATER)

 
 
 

sea water, 4 L (10 ml/student)

AgNO3 (sliver nitrate), 0.100 M; 10 L (one batch) [Silver ion is reduced to metallic silver in the presence of light. This photoreduction" of silver ion forms the basis of modern photography. If you spill silver ion solution on your hands or clothing, spots will "develop".]

5% K2CrO4 (potassium chromate), 5%; 1 L (2 ml/student)

burets

pipets, 5 ml

50 ml beaker

250 ml erlenmeyer flask

Return to Contents Section
 
 
 

EXP. 12: OXIDATION-REDUCTION (AKA OXIDATION & REDUDTION, ELECTROCHEMICAL POTENTIAL SERIES)

 
 
 

copper

zinc

lead

sliver

1 L 0.1 M FeCl3

1 L 6 M HCl

1 L 6 M NHe (ammonia)

methylene chloride (AKA dichloromethane)

1 L @ 0.1 M (nitrates or sulfates) of Cu, Zn, Pb and Ag

1 L @0.1 M (Na or K salts) of chloride, bromide & iodide (i.e.,KBr)

100 ml saturated aqueous solutions of bromine, iodine (0.05M) and

chlorine

potassium ferricyanide [K3Fe(CN)6] in droppers

o.1 M AgNO3 (silver nitrate)

Return to Contents Section
 
 
 
 

EXP. 13: IDENTIFICATION OF A CHEMICAL SUBSTANCE USING PHYS. PROP. (AKA IDENTIFICATION BY PHYS PROP

 
 
 

p-dichlorobenzene

ethanol

urea

methylene chloride 

weighing boats 

mortar and pestles

75mm test tubes

stopper/cover for test tubes

melting point tubes (one end closed)

50 ml beaker

10 ml pipet

rubber bulbs 

10 ml graduated cylinder

balance that weighs to the milligram (0.001g)

melting point apparatus 

unknown A: benzophenone or isopropyl alcohol

unknown B: acetanilide or stearic acid

Return to Contents Section
 

EXP. 14: FREEZING POINT DEPRESSION

 
 
 

frezing point rubber stopppers

large test tubes

cheesecloth

naphthalene, 500g

sulfur, 100g

thermometer

bunsen burner

balance that weighs to the nearest milligram (0.001)

hot plate 

beakers

graph paper (students will provide) crumpled pad of paper (students will provide)

crumpled pad of paper (to dispose of naphthalene)

Return to Contents Section
 
 

EXP. 15: KINETIC MEASUREMENTS OF INITIAL RATES

 
 

burets, 25 ml or 50 ml

(NH4)2S2O8, 0.2M (2L) (made from unopened bottle)

NaS2O3, 0.4M (1L)

KI, 0.2M (2L)

KNO3, 0.2M (2L)

250 ml beakers

100 ml graduated cylinders

stopwatchs

Starch, 1% (in dropping bottles)

Cu2+, 0.01M in dropping bottles

EDTA, 0.01M in dropping bottles

Return to Contents Section
 
 

EXP. 16: COMPUTER MODELED KINETICS (AKA KINETIC EXPERIMENT)

 
 

NO PREP

Return to Contents Section
 
 
 

EXP. 17: THIOCYANATE EQUILIBRIUM

 
 

Fe(NO3)3, 0/200M (2L)

Fe(NO3)3, 2.00 x 10-3 M (1L)

NH4ACN, 2.00 x 10-3M (2L)

HNO3, 0.10M (2L)

spec 20

spec 21

25ml vol. pipet (20 needed)

10 ml vol. pipet (20 needed)

100ml vol. flasks (20 needed)

rubber bulbs

Return to Contents Section
 
 

EXP. 18: DISSOCIATION CONSTANTS OF BORIC ACID & AMMONIA

 
 

HCL 1.00 x 10-3 M (2L)

NaOH 1.00 x 10-3 M (2L)

methyl orange in dropping bottles

methyl red in dropping bottles

bromthymol blue in dropping bottles

phenophthalein in dropping bottles

alizarin yello in dropping bottles

boric acid solution, 1L (0.618g boric acid. 1L)

ammonium hydroxide soln., 1L (0.05M)

pH meters

hot plates

small beakers

clean dry test tubes

Return to Contents Section
 
 

EXP. 19: SOULBILITY OF CALCIUM HYDROXIDE Ca(OH)2 AND THE COMMON ION EFFECT

 
 

burets, 50 ml

saturated Ca(OH)2, 2L (3g/100ml boiled distilled water)

HCl, 0.1M (2L)

methyl orange in dropping bottles

solution, 2L {(3g Ca()H)2 + 1g CaCl2.2H2O}/100ml

erlenmeyer flask, 125 ml

stoppers for 125 ml flask

25 ml pipet

Return to Contents Section
 
 

EXP. 20: QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS: TESTING FOR METALS THAT FORM INSOLUBLE CHLORIDES

 
 

HCI, 6M ; in dropping bottles

K2CrO4, 1M; in dropping bottles

NH3, 6M; in dropping bottles

HNO3, 4M; in dropping bottles

AgNO3, ~0.1M (150 ml)

Pb(NO3)2, ~0.1M; (150 ml)

Hg2(NO3)2, ~0.1M; (150 ml)

Ag+, Pb2+; 30ml mixture in dropping bottles labeled A

Ag+, Hg 2 2+; 30ml mixture in dropping bottles labeled B

Hg2 2+, Pb2+; 30ml mixture in dropping bottles labeled C

Hg2 2+, 30ml in dropping bottles labeled D

Pb2+, 30ml in dropping bottles labeled E

centrifuges

75 mm or 13 x 100 mm disposable test tubes

hot plates 

stirring rods

Return to Contents Section
 
 

EXP. 21: HEAT OF FUSION OF WATER

 
 

syrofoam cups, 60 needed

covers w/ slit in the middle for styrofoam cups, 60 needed

thermometer

stop watches

100 ml graduated cylinder

balance

ice

Return to Contents Section
 
 
 

EXP. 22: HEAT OF FORMATION OF MAGNESIUM OXIDE

 
 

styrofoam cups, 60 needed

covers w/ slit in the middle or aluminum foil to cover cups

magnesium, granulated 

HCl, 1M (3L)

MgO, 250g

stop watches 

thermometer

weighing boats

Return to Contents Section
 
 
 

EXP. 23: MOLAR MASS BY VAPOR DENSITY METHOD

 
 

aluminum foil, 2 in. or (1.5 x 1.5) squares (30 needed)

unknown: ethyl acetate or methylene chloride, 4 L bottle

hot plates

clamps with stands

pins, small

125 ml erlenmeyer flask

600 ml beaker

graduated cylinder, 100ml

analytical balance (to weigh to the nearest milligram (0.001 g)

Return to Contents Section
 
 

EXP. 24: SYNTHESIS TECHNIQUES FOR PREPARING SALTS

 
 

Fe (small brads)

Zinc, mossy

CuO, solid

MgO, solid 

PbO, solid (AKA litharge)

ZnO, solid

KOH, pellets

Phenolphthalein in dropping bottle

Pb(NO3)2, 0.1M

KI, 0.1M

H2SO4, 3M (attach test tube w/ pasteur pipet)

HNO3, 6M

stirring rid

150 ml beaker

100 ml graduated cylinder

ice

bunsen burner (small flame)

Return to Contents Section
 
 

EXP. 25: SYNTHISIS OF POTASSIUM TRIS (OXALATO) FERRATE(III) TRIHYDRATE

 
 

K2C2O4.H2O, solid

FeCI3, 40% (100 ml)

filter paper, circles

ice

hot plates

clean beaker

methanol, ice cold

large paper towel

watch glass

Return to Contents Section
 
 

HO. 1: SOLUBILITY OF GASES AND SOLIDS (AKA GASES DISSOLVED IN LIQUIDS)

 
 

large test tube

cold tap water

beaker

glass plate

clamp for test tube

bunsen burner

ring stand

graduated cylinder

Solubility Cruve of Potassium Nitrate (AKA saltpeter):

copper wire bent into a circle at the bottom as a stirrer

slit rubber stopper

theromether

clamp

10 g KNO3

test tube, 25 mm x 150 mm

5 ml distilled water

pepet 5 ml

bunsen burner

ice for ice bath

Return to Contents Section
 
 

HO. 2: ACIDITY OF CITRUS FRUITS

 
 

fruits: orange, lemon, tangerine, grapefruit, and /or lime juice

250 ml beaker

knife to cut fruits

buchner funnel

500 ml filter flask

400 ml beaker

5 ml pipet 

1 ml pipet (optional)

100 ml volumetric flask preferred (graduate cylinder accepted)

phenolphthalein indicator in dropper bottle

standardized NaOH (sodium hydroxide) solution

buret, 50 ml

Return to Contents Section
 
 

HO. 3: CHROMIUM CHEMISTRY

 
 

Acid-Base Properties of Chromium (III):

0.1 M Cr(NO3)3

6 M NH3 in dropper bottle

6 M NaOH in dropper bottle

test tubes, small

Acid-Base Properties of Chromium (VI):

K2Cr2O7 for Cr(VI) soln. ~50 g

6 M NaOH or 3 M H2SO4 ~ 200 ml

test tubes, small

Reaction of Chromium (III) with hydrogen peroxide:

alkaline Cr(III) soln. (student prepared above)

3% H2O2 in dropper bottle

6 M HNO3 in dropper bottle

test tubes, small

Reaction of Chromium (VI) with Hydrogen Peroxide:

KwCr2O7 ~50 g

3 M H2SO4

test tubes, small

Some Redox Reactions of Chromium (VI):

K2Cr2O7 ~ 50 g

3 M H2SO4

FeSO4 ~ 50 g

Na2SO3 ~ 50 g

Zn

test tubes, small

Zinc Reduction of Chromium Salts:

Cr(VIII) soln

Cr(VI) soln

3 M H2SO4

zinc, mossy or granulated or amalgam

glass wool or filter paper plug

hot plate 

capillary pipets

test tubes

CuSO4 ~50 g

HgCl2 ~50 g

Return to Contents Section


WEB SITE PREPARED BY EUGENIA SOMERSALL-SELLO

AND

CHRISTA RICHARDSON (1998 UPWARD BOUND STUDENT)


IF YOU HAVE QUESTIONS OR COMMENTS, CONTACT LAB MANAGER